Geology of a volcano
The geology of Iceland is unique and of particular interest to geologists. Iceland lies on the geologic rift between the Eurasian and North American plate. It also lies above a hotspot, the Iceland plumes.
Signs of an erruption
Usually before an eruption, there will be an earthquake. There might also be some ash and fumes spewing out of a volcano. Animals, proven to be more sensitive than humans, often behave strangely, for example, chickens not laying.
Why it erupts
The volcano erupts because of the diversion plates diverging.
Monitering volcanic activity
What they look out for
Most geologists look out for volcanic temperature, water level, lakes, mass movement like rock falls, mud flow, seismicity
Why they do so
1)Plot geological maps- show changes before it erupts.
2)Risks-health and death
3)Tourism
4)flights
5)business
6)daily activities
Materials which spew out of a volcano
Ash, smoke, lava, and many other solid liquid and gases. In the gases bit, the spew out mostly steam, poisonous gases escape as well and can suffocate people even before the ash hits them. It depends on how built up the gas is as to how much it explodes. Obviously, molten lava is ejected and so are rocks.
Process of an erupting volcano
Despite the variances in the shape of volcanoes, they all erupt in relatively the same way. The process begins when the pressure on a magma chamber deep below the Earth's surface begins to build up. This building pressure causes the magma from the chamber to be forced upward through a series of tubes or conduits. As the magma reaches the surface, it is thrust through the vents on the volcano, resulting in an eruption.
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